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Flight Instructor · Phase 2 · Lesson 16

Human factors and aeromedical factors

AI.II.AGround 0.75 hr · Dual 0 hr

FAA references verified 2026-08-13 · v1.0, 2026-08-13

Aircraft

Objective

The candidate teaches aeromedical factors as things that happen to a specific student on a specific flight, and can recognize one developing in a student who has not said anything.

Ground: 0.75 hr  |  Dual: 0 hr

Lesson steps: the elements, in teaching order

Check each element as it is taught. Leave anything not done blank. Sign and date once at the bottom.

Element 7 is the one that transfers to the cockpit. A student who is dehydrated, airsick, or frightened will usually not say so. They will get quiet, or fixate, or start making errors they were not making an hour ago.

This connects back to lesson 1, FI.I.A.K2, the learner emotional reactions. Physical discomfort and fatigue is on that list, and this lesson is where the physiology behind it gets taught.

Schedule

BlockMinutes
Fitness to fly, elements 15
Hypoxia, hyperventilation, carbon monoxide, element 28
Spatial disorientation and visual illusions, elements 3 and 410
Sickness, dehydration, fatigue, stress, element 55
Medications, alcohol, scuba, element 64
Recognizing it in a student, element 75
Candidate teaches, element 88
Total45 minutes, 0.75 hours

Critique runs inside the final block.

Equipment

Instructor: FAA-H-8083-25C aeromedical chapter and October 2025 addendum. Live eCFR for 91.17. FAA-S-ACS-25 at AI.II.A.

Candidate: preparation deliverable.

Capture

Taught Ground Lesson: yes Meeting title convention: CFI Ground Lesson - L16 Human and Aeromedical Factors - <YYYY-MM-DD> Participants: each on their own device, headset, Workspace account Candidate reads their own Session Transcript before the instructor's review Coverage maps to: AI.II.A Fallback if capture fails: instructor attests from contemporaneous notes; the lesson is not lost and is not re-taught for the sake of a recording

Instructor actions

  1. Teach elements 1 to 6 briskly. The candidate knows most of it.
  2. Spend the time on element 7. Give three short descriptions of student behavior and ask what might be underneath each.
  3. Simulated Student role. A student who is quietly airsick and does not say so: shorter answers, less initiative, one small error repeated.
  4. Assign the factor for element 8 at the start of the lesson.
  5. Critique against standards/CRITIQUE-STANDARD.md.

Student actions

  1. Arrive with the deliverable.
  2. Teach an assigned factor for about eight minutes.
  3. Notice the Simulated Student's condition and say what they would do.
  4. Self-critique first.

Completion standards

Identical wording in the study guide.

  1. The candidate teaches an assigned aeromedical factor to the Simulated Student for about eight minutes, including what it looks like in flight and what the pilot does about it.
  2. The candidate notices the Simulated Student's unreported condition during the lesson, or identifies it when asked at the debrief.
  3. The candidate states what they would do in the airplane on noticing it, including whether the lesson continues.
  4. The candidate names two observable behaviors that would suggest a student is affected without having said so.
  5. The candidate delivers a self-critique before hearing the instructor's.

Common errors

ErrorInstructor response
Memorizing the illusion list and being unable to recognize one describedStandard 4
Teaching hypoxia as a high altitude problem onlyCarbon monoxide produces it at 2,000 ft
Waiting for a student to report feeling unwellStandard 2. Students do not report it
Continuing a lesson through airsickness to get value from the hourIt is the least valuable hour available
Treating fatigue as a character issueElement 5, and lesson 1's FI.I.A.K2
Not knowing the alcohol and scuba rules coldElement 6

Intervention threshold

Not applicable. Ground lesson. The in-flight decision this lesson teaches, whether to terminate a lesson for a student's condition, is exercised from lesson 25 onward.

Student preparation

Verbatim in the study guide.

Read:

  • FAA-S-ACS-25, Area of Operation II, Task A.
  • FAA-H-8083-25C, the aeromedical chapter, plus the October 2025 addendum.
  • From live eCFR: 91.17.

Deliverable: Write down one occasion when you flew, or nearly flew, less than fully fit. Say what you noticed, what you did, and what you would tell a student in the same position. Half a page. It does not have to be dramatic; most of them are not.

Second deliverable. Write the ground lesson you would teach on human factors and aeromedical factors, to the template in standards/LESSON-PLAN-TEMPLATE.md, in your own words. This is one of your seventeen P3 plans, covering the human factors, aeromedical, or scanning cluster. Bring it on paper.

The half page above is yours. The plan is how you would use a story like it without making the lesson about you.

Worked example

Needed and not yet available: a real North Aero lesson terminated for a student's condition, and what happened next. Owner: Erick. Until supplied, the candidate's own preparation deliverable is the worked example, which is real to them.

Video Slots

None. This lesson teaches no maneuver.

This lesson is complete and deliverable whether or not its Video Slots are filled. It has none.

Assessment notes

The teaching is easy for most candidates. Standard 2 is the assessment. Whether they noticed is visible in the recording, and most will not have.

Tracker Status set by the instructor, named, dated.

Definition of done

  • Traces to a story. US-4.1, US-3.5
  • Carries ACS tasks and Part 61 references
  • Completion standards are observable behavior, and the standard is a taught presentation
  • Common errors listed
  • Intervention threshold: not applicable, ground lesson, reason given
  • Student preparation named, in the student half
  • FAA references verified current, 2026-08-13
  • Passes the design system check
  • Appears in the program structure and coverage matrix, hours reconciling
  • Both halves exist
  • Video Slots: none, and the lesson says so
  • Vocabulary matches CONTEXT.md
  • No em dashes, no POH performance numbers, no pricing
  • Carries the Epic 12 capture hooks

Debrief and sign-off

Sign once for the whole lesson. Elements left unchecked above were not taught this session.

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