Weather Services 2
PA.I.C.K2 Acceptable weather products and resources required for preflight planning, current and forecast weather for departure, en route, and arrival phases of flight.
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1. To determine the freezing level and areas of probable icing aloft, the pilot should refer to the
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) To determine the freezing level and areas of probable icing aloft, refer to the inflight aviation weather advisories (AIRMET Zulu for icing and freezing level; AIRMET Tango for turbulence, strong winds/low-level wind shear; and AIRMET Sierra for IFR conditions and mountain obscuration).
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2. What is indicated when a current CONVECTIVE SIGMET forecasts thunderstorms?
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Convective SIGMETs are issued for tornadoes, lines of thunderstorms, embedded (i.e., obscured by massive cloud layers) thunderstorms of any intensity level, areas of thunderstorms greater than or equal to VIP level 4 with an area coverage of 40% or more, and hail 3/4 in. or greater.
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3. What information is contained in a CONVECTIVE SIGMET?
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Convective SIGMETs are issued for tornadoes, lines of thunderstorms, embedded thunderstorms of any intensity level, areas of thunderstorms greater than or equal to VIP level 4 with an area coverage of 40% or more, and hail 3/4 in. or greater.
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4. Which in-flight advisory would contain information on severe icing not associated with thunderstorms?
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) SIGMET advisories cover severe icing not associated with thunderstorms; severe or extreme turbulence or clear air turbulence not associated with thunderstorms; duststorms, sandstorms, or volcanic ash that reduce visibility to less than 3 SM; and volcanic eruption.
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5. AIRMETs are advisories of significant weather phenomena but of lower intensities than SIGMETs and are intended for dissemination to
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) AIRMETs are advisories of significant weather phenomena that describe conditions at intensities lower than those which require the issuance of SIGMETs. They are intended for dissemination to all pilots.
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6. SIGMETs are issued as a warning of weather conditions hazardous to which aircraft?
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) SIGMETs (significant meteorological information) warn of weather considered potentially hazardous to all aircraft. SIGMET advisories cover severe and extreme turbulence; severe icing; and widespread duststorms, sandstorms, or volcanic ash that reduce visibility to less than 3 SM.
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7. How are significant weather prognostic charts best used by a pilot?
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Weather prognostic charts forecast conditions that exist 12 and 24 hr. in the future. They include two types of forecasts: low level significant weather, such as IFR and marginal VFR areas, and moderate or greater turbulence areas and freezing levels.
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8. You are preparing for a flight with a planned arrival in southern Georgia at 0600Z. What conditions should you expect when landing? (Refer to Figure 19: Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Prognostic Charts)
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) The lower panel, which is the 24-hr. forecast, should be used because it is valid at the time of arrival, 0600Z. The red line surrounding Georgia indicates instrument meteorological conditions will be present, which occur when the ceiling is less than 1,000 ft. and/or visibility is less than 3 mi.
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9. At what altitude is the freezing level over the middle of Florida on the 12-hour Significant Weather Prognostic Chart? (Refer to Figure 19: Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Prognostic Charts)
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Refer to the upper panel of the Significant Weather Prognostic Chart in Fig. 19. On prog charts, the freezing level is indicated by a dashed line, with the height given in hundreds of feet MSL. In Fig. 19, there is a dashed line across the middle of Florida, marked with “120.” This signifies that the freezing level is 12,000 ft. MSL.
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10. Interpret the weather symbol depicted in Utah on the 12-hour Significant Weather Prognostic Chart. (Refer to Figure 19: Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Prognostic Charts)
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Refer to the upper panel of the Significant Weather Prognostic Chart in Fig. 19. In Utah, the weather symbol indicates moderate turbulence as designated by the symbol of a small peaked hat. Note that the broken line indicates moderate or greater turbulence. The peaked hat is the symbol for moderate turbulence. The “180” means the moderate turbulence extends from the surface upward to 18,000 feet.
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11. When the term “light and variable” is used in reference to a Winds Aloft Forecast, the coded group and windspeed is
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) When winds are light and variable on a Winds Aloft Forecast (FB), it is coded 9900 and wind speed is less than 5 knots.
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12. What values are used for Winds Aloft Forecasts?
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) For Winds Aloft Forecasts, wind direction is given in true direction and the wind speed is in knots.
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13. What wind is forecast for STL at 9,000 feet? (Refer to Figure 17: Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast)
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Refer to the FB forecast in Fig. 17. Locate STL on the left side of the chart and move right to the 9,000-ft. column. The coded wind forecast (first four digits) is 2332. Thus, the forecast wind is 230° true at 32 kt.
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14. Determine the wind and temperature aloft forecast for DEN at 9,000 feet. (Refer to Figure 17: Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast)
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Refer to the FB forecast in Fig. 17. Locate DEN on the left side of the chart and move to the right to the 9,000-ft. column. The wind and temperature forecast is coded as 2321-04. The forecast is decoded as 230° true at 21 kt., temperature –4°C.
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15. What wind is forecast for STL at 12,000 feet? (Refer to Figure 17: Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast)
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Refer to the FB forecast in Fig. 17. Locate STL and move right to the 12,000-foot column. The wind forecast (first four digits) is coded as 2339, which means the wind is 230° true at 39 knots.
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16. Determine the wind and temperature aloft forecast for MKC at 6,000 ft. (Refer to Figure 17: Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast)
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Refer to the FB forecast in Fig. 17. Locate MKC on the left side of the chart and move to the right to the 6,000-ft. column. The wind and temperature forecast is coded as 2006+03, which translates as the forecast wind at 200° true at 6 kt. and a temperature of 3°C.
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17. What wind is forecast for STL at 12,000 feet? (Refer to Figure 17: Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast)
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Refer to the FB forecast in Fig. 17. Locate STL on the left side of the chart and move to the right to the 12,000-ft. column. The wind forecast (first four digits) is coded as 2339. The forecast is decoded as 230° true at 39 kt.
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18. How could you receive in-flight weather information about your destination while still 150 NM away?
Answer (B) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 13) Flight Information Services-Broadcast (FIS-B) is a ground-based broadcast system provided through ADS-B via the 978 MHz data link that can display in-flight weather data such as METARs, TAFs, Winds Aloft, and PIREPs.
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19. Radar weather reports are of special interest to pilots because they indicate
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) Radar weather reports are of special interest to pilots because they report the location of precipitation along with type, intensity, and cell movement.
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In the following METAR/TAF for HOU, what is the ceiling and visibility forecast on the 7th day of the month at 0600Z? KHOU 061734Z 0618/0718 16014G22KT P6SM VCSH BKN018 BKN035 FM070100 17010KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 FM070500 17008KT 4SM BR SCT008 OVC012 FM071000 18005KT 3SM BR OVC007 FM071500 23008KT 5SM BR VCSH SCT008 OVC015
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) According to the TAF, there will be 4 statute miles visibility (4SM) and an overcast ceiling at 1,200 ft. AGL (OVC012) during the time period beginning on the 7th day of the month at 0500Z (FM070500) until the 7th day of the month at 1000Z (FM071000). The 7th day of the month at 0600Z is included within this period.
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21. The only cloud type forecast in TAF reports is (Refer to Figure 15: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF))
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Cumulonimbus clouds are the only cloud type forecast in TAFs. If cumulonimbus clouds are expected at the airport, the contraction CB is appended to the cloud layer that represents the base of the cumulonimbus cloud(s).
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22. In the TAF from KOKC, the “FM (FROM) Group” is forecast for the hours from 1600Z to 2200Z with the wind from (Refer to Figure 15: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF))
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) The FM group states that, from 1600Z until 2200Z (time of next change group), the forecast wind is 180° at 10 knots.
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23. What is the forecast wind for KMEM from 1600Z until the end of the forecast? (Refer to Figure 15: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF))
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) The forecast for KMEM from 1600Z until the end of the forecast (1800Z) is wind direction variable at 6 knots (VRB06KT), visibility greater than 6 SM, and sky clear.
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24. What is the valid period for the TAF for KMEM? (Refer to Figure 15: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF))
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) The valid period of a TAF follows the four-letter location identifier and the six-digit issuance date/time. The valid period group is a two-digit date followed by the two-digit beginning hour and the two-digit ending hour. The valid period of the TAF for KMEM is 1218/1324, which means the forecast is valid from the 12th day at 1800Z until the 13th at 2400Z.
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25. During the time period from 0600Z to 0800Z, what visibility is forecast for KOKC? (Refer to Figure 15: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF))
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) At KOKC, between 0600Z and 0800Z, conditions are forecast to become wind 210° at 15 kt., visibility greater than 6 SM (P6SM), scattered clouds at 4,000 ft. with conditions continuing until the end of the forecast (1800Z).
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26. In the TAF from KOKC, the clear sky becomes (Refer to Figure 15: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF))
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) In the TAF for KOKC, from 2200Z to 2400Z, the conditions are forecast to gradually become wind 200° at 13 kt. with gusts to 20 kt., visibility 4 SM in moderate rain showers, overcast clouds at 2,000 ft. Between the hours of 0000Z and 0600Z, a chance (40 percent) exists of visibility 2 SM in thunderstorm with moderate rain, and 800 ft. overcast, cumulus clouds.
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27. Between 1000Z and 1200Z the visibility at KMEM is forecast to be? (Refer to Figure 15: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF))
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) Between 1000Z and 1200Z, the conditions at KMEM are forecast to gradually become wind calm, visibility 3 SM in mist, sky clear with temporary (occasional) visibility 1/2 SM in fog between 1200Z and 1400Z. Conditions are expected to continue until 1600Z.
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28. In the TAF for KMEM, what does “SHRA” stand for? (Refer to Figure 15: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF))
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 5) SHRA is a coded group of forecast weather. SH is a descriptor that means showers. RA is a type of precipitation that means rain. Thus, SHRA means rain showers.
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What is indicated by the following report? TYR UUA/OV TYR180015/TM 1757/FL310/TP B737/TB MOD-SEV CAT 350-390
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) The UUA found in the first section of the report indicates an “Urgent Upper Air” report. The /TB MOD-SEV CAT 350-390 in the last section of the report indicates moderate to severe clear air turbulence for flight levels 350 to 390.
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What is the base of the ceiling in the following pilot report? KMOB UA /OV APE230010/TM 1515/FL085/TP BE20/SK BKN065/WX FV03SM HZ FU/TA 20/TB LGT
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 13, AIM Para 7-1-18) The PIREP is reporting a broken layer of 6,500 ft. (SK BKN065).
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31. The intensity and type of icing reported by a pilot is (Refer to Figure 14: Pilot Weather Report)
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) Refer to the PIREP (identified by the letters UA) in Fig. 14. The icing conditions are reported following the letters IC. In this report, icing is reported as light to moderate rime (LGT-MDT RIME) from 7,200 to 8,900 ft. MSL (072-089).
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32. The wind and temperature at 12,000 feet MSL as reported by a pilot are (Refer to Figure 14: Pilot Weather Report)
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) Refer to the PIREP (identified by the letters UA) in Fig. 14. The wind is reported in the section identified by the letters WV and is presented in five or six digits. The temperature is reported in the section identified by the letters TA in degrees Celsius, and if below 0°C, prefixed with an “M.” The wind is reported as 080° at 21 kt. with a temperature of –7°C.
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33. The intensity of the turbulence reported at a specific altitude is (Refer to Figure 14: Pilot Weather Report)
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) Refer to the PIREP (identified by the letters UA) in Fig. 14. The turbulence is reported in the section identified by the letters TB. In the PIREP the turbulence is reported as light from 5,500 ft. to 7,200 ft. (TB LGT 055-072).
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34. The base and tops of the overcast layer reported by a pilot are (Refer to Figure 14: Pilot Weather Report)
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) Refer to the PIREP (identified by the letters UA) in Fig. 14. The base and tops of the overcast layer are reported in the sky conditions (identified by the letters SK). This pilot has reported the base of the overcast layer at 7,200 ft. and the top of the overcast layer at 8,900 ft. (072 OVC 089). All altitudes are stated in MSL unless otherwise noted. Thus, the base and top of the overcast layer are reported as 7,200 ft. MSL and 8,900 ft. MSL, respectively.
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35. If the terrain elevation is 1,295 feet MSL, what is the height above ground level of the base of the ceiling? (Refer to Figure 14: Pilot Weather Report)
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) Refer to the PIREP (identified by the letters UA) in Fig. 14. The base of the ceiling is reported in the sky cover (SK) section. The first layer is considered a ceiling (i.e., broken), and the base is 1,800 ft. MSL. The height above ground of the broken base is 505 ft. AGL (1,800 ft. – 1,295 ft.).
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36. Which of the reporting stations have VFR weather? (Refer to Figure 12: Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR))
Answer (C) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) KINK is reporting visibility of 15 SM and sky clear (15SM SKC); KBOI is reporting visibility of 30 SM and a scattered cloud layer base at 15,000 ft. (30SM SCT150); and KLAX is reporting visibility of 6SM in mist (foggy conditions > 5/8 SM visibility) with a scattered cloud layer at 700 ft. and another one at 25,000 ft. (6SM BR SCT007 SCT250). All of these conditions are above VFR weather minimums of 1,000-ft. ceiling and/or 3-SM visibility.
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37. The remarks section for KMDW has RAB35 listed. This entry means (Refer to Figure 12: Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR))
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) In the remarks (RMK) section for KMDW, RAB35 means that rain began at 35 min. past the hour. Since the report was taken at 1856Z, rain began at 35 min. past the hour, or 1835Z.
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38. What are the wind conditions at Wink, Texas (KINK)? (Refer to Figure 12: Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR))
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) The wind group at KINK is coded as 11012G18KT. The first three digits are the direction the wind is blowing from referenced to true north. The next two digits are the wind speed in knots. If the wind is gusty, it is reported as a “G” after the speed followed by the highest (or peak) gust reported. Thus, the wind conditions at KINK are 110° true at 12 knots, peak gust at 18 knots.
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39. The wind direction and velocity at KJFK is from (Refer to Figure 12: Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR))
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) The wind group at KJFK is coded as 18004KT. The first three digits are the direction the wind is blowing from referenced to true north. The next two digits are the speed in knots. Thus, the wind direction and speed at KJFK are 180° true at 4 knots.
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40. What are the current conditions depicted for Chicago Midway Airport (KMDW)? (Refer to Figure 12: Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR))
Answer (A) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) At KMDW a special METAR (SPECI) taken at 1856Z reported wind 320° at 5 kt., visibility 1 1/2 SM in moderate rain, overcast clouds at 700 ft., temperature 17°C, dew point 16°C, altimeter 29.80 in. Hg, remarks follow, rain began at 35 min. past the hour.
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41. For aviation purposes, ceiling is defined as the height above the Earth’s surface of the
Answer (B) is correct. (AC 00-45H Chap 3) A ceiling layer is not designated in the METAR code. For aviation purposes, the ceiling is the lowest broken or overcast layer, or vertical visibility into an obscuration.
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42. Absence of the sky condition and visibility on an ATIS broadcast indicates that
Answer (C) is correct. (AIM Para 4-1-13) The ceiling/sky condition, visibility, and obstructions to vision may be omitted from the ATIS broadcast if the ceiling is above 5,000 ft. with visibility more than 5 SM.
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43. Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) is the continuous broadcast of recorded information concerning
Answer (C) is correct. (AIM Para 4-1-13) The continuous broadcast of recorded noncontrol information is known as the Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS). ATIS includes weather, active runway, and other information that arriving and departing pilots need to know.
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