Quiz: Human Factors 1

Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) A narrower-than-usual runway can create an illusion that the aircraft is at a higher altitude than it actually is, which could result in striking objects along the flight path or landing short.

Answer (C) is correct. (AC 90-48D) The most effective way to scan for other aircraft during daylight hours is to use a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into your central visual field. Each movement should not exceed 10°, and each area should be observed for at least 1 second to enable detection. Only a very small center area of the eye has the ability to send clear, sharply focused messages to the brain.

Answer (B) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) Effects of CO poisoning include headache, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, and loss of muscle control.

Answer (B) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-4) Taking corrective steps such as turning off the heater, opening air vents or windows, and using supplemental oxygen are the correct responses if a pilot smells gas fumes or otherwise detects increased amounts of CO.

Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) Carbon monoxide poisoning results in an oxygen deficiency. Since there is less oxygen available at higher altitudes, carbon monoxide poisoning can occur with lesser amounts of carbon monoxide as altitude increases.

Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) Carbon monoxide reduces the ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Large accumulations result in loss of muscular power.

Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Glossary) A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as vertigo (spatial disorientation). Put simply, the pilot cannot determine their relationship to the earth’s horizon.

Answer (A) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-5) Various complex motions and forces and certain visual scenes encountered in flight can create illusions of motion and position. Spatial disorientation from these illusions can be prevented only by visual reference to reliable fixed points on the ground and horizon or to flight instruments.

Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) Spatial disorientation is a state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs. Thus, the pilot should ignore sensations of muscles and the inner ear and kinesthetic senses (those that sense motion), especially during flight in IMC when outside visual cues are taken away.

Answer (A) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-5) The best way to overcome the effects of spatial disorientation is to rely entirely on the aircraft’s instrument indications and not upon body sensations. Sight of the horizon also overrides inner ear sensations. Thus, in areas of poor visibility, especially, such bodily signals should be ignored.

Answer (B) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) Spatial disorientation is a state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs. Thus, the pilot should ignore sensations of muscles and the inner ear and kinesthetic senses (those that sense motion).

Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) Spatial disorientation is a state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs. Thus, the pilot should ignore sensations of muscles and the inner ear and kinesthetic senses (those that sense motion), especially during flight in IMC when outside visual cues are taken away.

Answer (A) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-3) Hyperventilation results from an abnormal increase in the volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs. It can occur subconsciously when a stressful situation is encountered. The result is an excessive amount of carbon dioxide removed from the body. The symptoms are lightheadedness, suffocation, drowsiness, tingling of the extremities, and coolness.

Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) A stressful situation can often lead to hyperventilation, which results from an increased rate and depth of respiration that leads to an abnormally low amount of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. By slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a paper bag, or talking aloud, a pilot can overcome the effects of hyperventilation and return the carbon dioxide level in the bloodstream to normal.

Answer (B) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-3) Hyperventilation usually occurs when one becomes excited or undergoes stress, which results in an increase in one’s rate of breathing.

Answer (A) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-3) Hyperventilation occurs when an excessive amount of carbon dioxide is passed out of the body and too much oxygen is retained. This occurs when breathing rapidly and especially when using oxygen.

Answer (C) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-3) Hyperventilation occurs when an excessive amount of carbon dioxide is passed out of the body and too much oxygen is retained. This occurs when breathing rapidly and especially when using oxygen.

Answer (B) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) To recover from hyperventilation, the pilot should slow the breathing rate, breathe into a bag, or talk aloud.

Answer (C) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-2) As altitude is increased, the partial pressure of oxygen lowers, reducing the lungs’ capacity to effectively transfer oxygen from the ambient air to the blood to be carried to the tissues of the body.

Answer (C) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-2) Anemic hypoxia refers to hypoxia resulting from a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, rather than from a lack of atmospheric pressure. This can be the result of anemia, carbon monoxide poisoning from a leaking exhaust manifold, or smoking.

Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) Blood donations can cause hypemic hypoxia because not enough blood is available to carry a sufficient amount of oxygen to the cells.

Answer (B) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) The correct response to counteract feelings of hypoxia is to descend to a lower altitude or use supplemental oxygen, if the aircraft is so equipped.

Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 17) There is no such thing as hypertoxic hypoxia. The four types of hypoxia are histotoxic, hypoxic, anemic (hypemic), and stagnant hypoxia.

Answer (C) is correct. (AIM Para 8-1-2) Hypoxia is oxygen deficiency in the bloodstream and may cause lack of clear thinking, fatigue, euphoria and, shortly thereafter, unconsciousness.